Login/Register 
United States ($) USD
Austria (€) EUR
Belgium (€) EUR
Finland (€) EUR
France (€) EUR
Germany (€) EUR
Ireland (€) EUR
Japan (¥) JPY
Luxembourg (€) EUR
Netherlands (€) EUR
Switzerland (CHF) CHF
United Kingdom (£) GBP
- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- Amphoterin, HMG-1, High Mobility Group Protein B1, High-Mobility Group Box 1, chromosomal protein non histone HMG1
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
- publications
-
Mouse HMGB1 induces TNFα in Raw264.7 murine macrophages cell line.
| Cat # | Size | Price | Quantity Check Availability | Save | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein highly conserved among species, present in the nuclei (chromatin associated) and cytoplasm of virtually all cell types. In cytoplasm, HMGB1 is a critical regulator of autophagy, enhances cell survival and limits apoptosis; also, it acts as a chaperone reducing protein aggregation caused by heat or chemical stress. HMGB1 is released to the extracellular milieu by inflammatory cells and by necrotic and apoptotic cells. Once released, it functions as an inflammatory cytokine; it is secreted by macrophages and monocytes as a late response to their treatment with LPS, TNFa, IL-1, or IFNg. Interestingly, the inflammatory activity of extracellular HMGB1 is dependent upon its redox state. The protein possesses three cysteine residues (C23, C45, C106). HMGB1 in reduce state (-SH) has chemotactic activity, whereas HMGB1 with a disulfide bond between C23 and C45 induces cytokine activity and activation of NF-κB. The fully oxidized form has no immune function; the protein loses its proinflammatory effect and the caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death activation. HMGB1 interacts with several molecules, such as IL-1β, RNA, DNA, LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and CXCL12. Thus HMGB1 develops greater proinflammatory activity through cytokine binding, and the chemotactic property is mediated by the binding to CXCL12. Extracellular HMGB1 contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer. Also, it has been associated to chronic pain and delayed gastric ulcer healing in mice.
Product DetailsProduct Details
- Source
- MouseHMGB1, (amino acids Met1-Glu215, Accession #XP_003945388) was expressed in 293E cells.
- Molecular Mass
- The 215 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kD. The DTT-reduced and non-reduced protein migrate at approximately 35 kD by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Met.
- Purity
- > 95% by SDS-PAGE gel as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation
- 0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in PBS, 0.3 M NaCl, pH 7.2.
- Endotoxin Level
- Less than 0.01 ng/µg cytokine (0.1 EU/µg) as determined by the LAL method.
- Concentration
- 10 and 25 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 100 µg size and larger sizes are lot-specific and bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial (please contact technical support for concentration, or use our Lookup tool if you have a lot number.) Please note, new lots of the 100 µg size will be lot-specific and may differ from previous lots that had a fixed concentration.
- Storage & Handling
- Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to 2 weeks, at -20°C for up to six months, or at -70°C or colder until the expiration date. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or colder. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 µg/mL in appropriate sterile buffer, carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1% BSA or HSA can be added when preparing the stock solution. Aliquots can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to one week and stored at -20°C or colder for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Activity
- ED50 = 5 - 18 µg/ml, as determined by induction of TNFα in RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cells
- Application
-
Bioassay
- Application Notes
-
BioLegend carrier-free recombinant proteins provided in liquid format are shipped on blue-ice. Our comparison testing data indicates that when handled and stored as recommended, the liquid format has equal or better stability and shelf-life compared to commercially available lyophilized proteins after reconstitution. Our liquid proteins are verified in-house to maintain activity after shipping on blue ice and are backed by our 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you have any concerns, contact us at tech@biolegend.com.
- Product Citations
-
Antigen Details
- Structure
- Cytokine
- Distribution
-
Present in the nuclei of all cells. Released from variety of cells, activated macrophages/monocytes, pituicytes, human PBMC , maturing dendritic cells, and murine erythroleukemia cells
- Function
- HMGB1 activates inflammatory responses, induces chemotactic response, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. It is induced by TNF&alpha, IL-1α, IFNγ, and LPS.
- Interaction
- T cell, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neurons.
- Ligand/Receptor
- RAGE, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9
- Bioactivity
- Induces TNFα in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Immunology, Stem Cells, Transcription Factors
- Molecular Family
- Cytokines/Chemokines, Nuclear Markers
- Antigen References
-
1. Wang H, et al. 1999 Science 285:248.
2. Andersson U, et al. 2000 J. Exp. Med. 192:565.
3. Scaffidi P, et al. 2002 Nature 418:191.
4. Rauvala H, Rouhiainen A. 2007. Curr. Mol. Med. 7:725.
5. Tang D, et al. 2010 J. Cell. Biol. 190:881.
6. Venereau E. 2012 J. Exp. Med. 209:1519.
7. Min HJ, et al. 3013 J. Immunol. 190:1797. - Gene ID
- 100862258 View all products for this Gene ID
- Specificity (DOES NOT SHOW ON TDS):
- HMGB1
- Specificity Alt (DOES NOT SHOW ON TDS):
- HMGB1
- App Abbreviation (DOES NOT SHOW ON TDS):
- BA
- UniProt
- View information about HMGB1 on UniProt.org
Related FAQs
- Why choose BioLegend recombinant proteins?
-
• Each lot of product is quality-tested for bioactivity as indicated on the data sheet.
• Greater than 95% Purity or higher, tested on every lot of product.
• 100% Satisfaction Guarantee for quality performance, stability, and consistency.
• Ready-to-use liquid format saves time and reduces challenges associated with reconstitution.
• Bulk and customization available. Contact us.
• Learn more about our Recombinant Proteins. - How does the activity of your recombinant proteins compare to competitors?
-
We quality control each and every lot of recombinant protein. Not only do we check its bioactivity, but we also compare it against other commercially available recombinant proteins. We make sure each recombinant protein’s activity is at least as good as or better than the competition’s. In order to provide you with the best possible product, we ensure that our testing process is rigorous and thorough. If you’re curious and eager to make the switch to BioLegend recombinants, contact your sales representative today!
- What is the specific activity or ED50 of my recombinant protein?
-
The specific activity range of the protein is indicated on the product datasheets. Because the exact activity values on a per unit basis can largely fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including the nature of the assay, cell density, age of cells/passage number, culture media used, and end user technique, the specific activity is best defined as a range and we guarantee the specific activity of all our lots will be within the range indicated on the datasheet. Please note this only applies to recombinants labeled for use in bioassays. ELISA standard recombinant proteins are not recommended for bioassay usage as they are not tested for these applications.
- Have your recombinants been tested for stability?
-
Our testing shows that the recombinant proteins are able to withstand room temperature for a week without losing activity. In addition the recombinant proteins were also found to withstand four cycles of freeze and thaw without losing activity.
- Does specific activity of a recombinant protein vary between lots?
-
Specific activity will vary for each lot and for the type of experiment that is done to validate it, but all passed lots will have activity within the established ED50 range for the product and we guarantee that our products will have lot-to-lot consistency. Please conduct an experiment-specific validation to find the optimal ED50 for your system.
- How do you convert activity as an ED50 in ng/ml to a specific activity in Units/mg?
-
Use formula Specific activity (Units/mg) = 10^6/ ED50 (ng/mL)
Follow Us