- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- Tumor necrosis factor-α, Cachectin, Necrosin, Macrophage cytotoxic factor (MCF), Differentiation inducing factor (DIF), TNFSF2
| Cat # | Size | Price | Quantity Check Availability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 717904 | 50 µg | $253.00 | |||
TNF-α is released from macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells (principally CD4+), NK-cells and many transformed cell lines. Soluble homotrimeric TNF-α is released from cells by proteolysis of the integral membrane precursor form of TNF-α. TNF-α binding to some TNF-α receptors induces apoptosis and, depending on cell type, receptor expression, and signal transduction status, can induce other responses. TNF-α is involved in the inflammatory response.
Product Details
- Source
- Human TNF-α, amino acids Val77-Leu233 (Accession# NM_000594), was expressed in E. coli.
- Molecular Mass
- The 157 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of 17.4 kD. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Val.
- Purity
- >98%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis.
- Formulation
- Lyophilized, carrier-free.
- Endotoxin Level
- Less than 0.1 ng per µg of protein.
- Storage & Handling
- Unopened vial can be stored at -20°C or -70°C. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Do not vortex. It is recommended to further dilute in a buffer, such as 5% Trehalose, and store working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Activity
- The expected ED50 is ≤ 0.05 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of ≥ 2.0 x 107 units/mg, as determined by the cytolysis of murine L929 cells in the presence of Actinomyocin D.
- Application
-
Bioassay
- Application Notes
-
This product is reactive with human, cow, monkey, mouse, rat, sheep, dog, and pig.
- Product Citations
-
Antigen Details
- Structure
- Cytokine
- Distribution
- Activated monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, NK cells, LAK cells.
- Function
- Type II integral membrane protein processed by TACE for secretion; upregulated by interferons, IL-2, GM-CSF, substance P, bradykinin, PAF, immune complexes, cyclooxygenase; downregulated by IL-6, TGF-β, vitamin D3, prostaglandin E2, PAF antagonists.
- Interaction
- Monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, osteoclasts, adipocytes, astroglia, microglia.
- Ligand/Receptor
- TNFRSF1A (TNF-R1, CD120a, TNFR-p60 Type β, p55); TNFRSF1B (TNF-R2, CD120b, TNFR-p80 Type A, p75)
- Bioactivity
- Paracrine/endocrine mediator of inflammatory and immune functions; selectively cytotoxic for transformed cells; endothelial cell alterations; chemoattractant.
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Immunology, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience
- Molecular Family
- Cytokines/Chemokines
- Antigen References
-
1. Fitzgerald K, et al. Eds. 2001. The Cytokine FactsBook. Academic Press San Diego.
2. Beutler B, et al. 1988. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57:505.
3. Beutler B, et al. 1989. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 7:625.
4. Tracey K, et al. 1993. Crit. Care Med. 21:S415. - Gene ID
- 7124 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about TNF-alpha on UniProt.org