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PE anti-human CD31 Antibody

Pricing & Availability
Clone
WM59 (See other available formats)
Regulatory Status
RUO
Workshop
V P025
Other Names
PECAM-1, EndoCAM
Isotype
Mouse IgG1, κ
Ave. Rating
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Product Citations
publications
1_WM59_PE_062207
Human peripheral granulocytes were stained with CD31 (clone WM59) PE (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ PE isotype control (open histogram).
  • 1_WM59_PE_062207
    Human peripheral granulocytes were stained with CD31 (clone WM59) PE (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ PE isotype control (open histogram).
  • 2_15_Human_Spleen_CD163_CD31
    Confocal image of human spleen sample acquired using the IBEX method of highly multiplexed antibody-based imaging: CD163 (yellow) in Cycle 2 and CD31 (blue) in Cycle 3. Tissues were prepared using ~1% (vol/vol) formaldehyde and a detergent. Following fixation, samples are immersed in 30% (wt/vol) sucrose for cryoprotection. Images are courtesy of Drs. Andrea J. Radtke and Ronald N. Germain of the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).
  • 3_23_Human_LN_CD4_CD31
    Confocal image of human lymph node sample acquired using the IBEX method of highly multiplexed antibody-based imaging: CD4 (cyan) in Cycle 4 and CD31 (magenta) in Cycle 5. Tissues were prepared using ~1% (vol/vol) formaldehyde and a detergent. Following fixation, samples are immersed in 30% (wt/vol) sucrose for cryoprotection. Images are courtesy of Drs. Andrea J. Radtke and Ronald N. Germain of the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).
  • 4_26_Human_Jejunum_Hoechst_CD106_CD31
    Confocal image of human jejunum sample acquired using the IBEX method of highly multiplexed antibody-based imaging: Hoechst (blue) in Cycle 1, CD106 (yellow) in Cycle 1, and CD31 (red) in Cycle 3. Tissues were prepared using ~1% (vol/vol) formaldehyde and a detergent. Following fixation, samples are immersed in 30% (wt/vol) sucrose for cryoprotection. Images are courtesy of Drs. Andrea J. Radtke and Ronald N. Germain of the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).
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303105 25 tests 107 CHF
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303106 100 tests 238 CHF
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Description

CD31 is a 130-140 kD type I transmembrane glycoprotein also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or Endocam. It is expressed on monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells and lymphocyte subsets. CD31 has been reported to bind CD38 and be involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and cellular migration in an inflammatory situation.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Verified Reactivity
Human, Cynomolgus, Rhesus
Reported Reactivity
African Green, Baboon
Antibody Type
Monoclonal
Host Species
Mouse
Formulation
Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide and BSA (origin USA)
Preparation
The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography, and conjugated with PE under optimal conditions.
Concentration
Lot-specific (to obtain lot-specific concentration and expiration, please enter the lot number in our Certificate of Analysis online tool.)
Storage & Handling
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Application

FC - Quality tested
SB - Reported in the literature, not verified in house
Recommended Usage

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is 5 µl per million cells in 100 µl staining volume or 5 µl per 100 µl of whole blood.

Excitation Laser
Blue Laser (488 nm)
Green Laser (532 nm)/Yellow-Green Laser (561 nm)
Application Notes

Clone WM59 has been reported to recognize the D2 extracellular portion of CD31.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunofluorescence microscopy2, immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections8, blocking of platelet aggregation3, and spatial biology (IBEX)11,12. Clone WM59 is not recommended for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The Ultra-LEAF™ purified antibody (Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/µg, Azide-Free, 0.2 µm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 303143 & 303144).

The purified WM59 antibody is useful as a capture antibody for a sandwich ELISA assay, when used in conjunction with biotin anti-human CD31 antibody (Cat. No. 536604) antibody as the detection antibody.

Additional Product Notes

Iterative Bleaching Extended multi-pleXity (IBEX) is a fluorescent imaging technique capable of highly-multiplexed spatial analysis. The method relies on cyclical bleaching of panels of fluorescent antibodies in order to image and analyze many markers over multiple cycles of staining, imaging, and, bleaching. It is a community-developed open-access method developed by the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).

Application References

(PubMed link indicates BioLegend citation)
  1. Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V Oxford University Press. New York.
  2. Muczynski KA, et al. 2003. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14:1336. (IF)
  3. Wu XW, et al. 1997. Arterioscl. Throm. Vas. 17:3154. (Block)
  4. Nagano M, et al. 2007. Blood 110:151. (FC) PubMed
  5. MacFadyen JR, et al. 2005. FEBS Lett. 579:2569. PubMed
  6. Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
  7. Sestak K, et al. 2007. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 119:21.
  8. Wicki A, et al. 2012. Clin. Cancer Res. 18:454. (FC, IHC) PubMed
  9. Oeztuerk-Winder F, et al. 2012. EMBO J. 31:3431. (FC) PubMed
  10. Bushway ME, et al. 2014. Biol Reprod. 90(5): 110 (IF) PubMed
  11. Radtke AJ, et al. 2020. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 117:33455-33465. (SB) PubMed
  12. Radtke AJ, et al. 2022. Nat Protoc. 17:378-401. (SB) PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Liu C, et al. 2022. Regen Ther. 21:192. PubMed
  2. Xin Y, et al. 2021. Stem Cell Res Ther. 49:12. PubMed
  3. Gao Q, et al. 2019. J Exp Med. 216:688. PubMed
  4. Gong Y, et al. 2021. Aging (Albany NY). 13:20629. PubMed
  5. Lu D, et al. 2022. Dis Markers. 2022:3556372. PubMed
  6. Zhang J, et al. 2022. Int J Mol Sci. 23:. PubMed
  7. Pettinato G, et al. 2019. Sci Rep. 9:8920. PubMed
  8. Yu C, et al. 2020. Sci Rep. 10:14521. PubMed
  9. Witkowski MT, et al. 2020. Cancer Cell. 37:867. PubMed
  10. Alhaj Hussen K, et al. 2017. Immunity. 47:680. PubMed
  11. Revel-Vilk S, et al. 2015. Clin Immunol. 159: 84-92. PubMed
  12. Nagano M, et al. 2007. Blood . 110:151. PubMed
  13. Nagai N, et al. 2018. PLoS Genet. 14:e1007826. PubMed
  14. Xu P, et al. 2020. Cancer Immunol Res. 8:1193. PubMed
  15. Zhang Y, et al. 2018. Stem Cells Int. 2018:7159465. PubMed
  16. Scherpenisse M, et al. 2021. MBio. 12:. PubMed
  17. Dedeoglu B, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0150826. PubMed
  18. Sun K, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4943. PubMed
  19. Iio K, et al. 2019. Sci Rep. 9:813. PubMed
  20. Kerdidani D, et al. 2022. J Exp Med. 219:. PubMed
  21. Dong N, et al. 2022. World J Stem Cells. 14:556. PubMed
  22. Pan C, et al. 2019. Int J Mol Med. 44:1629. PubMed
  23. Künzel K, et al. 2022. Heliyon. 8:e10365. PubMed
  24. Khanh VC, et al. 2021. Stem Cells Dev. 30:758. PubMed
  25. Wei X, et al. 2019. Int J Mol Med. 44:1425. PubMed
RRID
AB_314331 (BioLegend Cat. No. 303105)
AB_314332 (BioLegend Cat. No. 303106)

Antigen Details

Structure
Ig superfamily, type I transmembrane glycoprotein, 130-140 kD
Distribution

Monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells, lymphocyte subset

Function
Cell adhesion, signal transduction
Ligand/Receptor
CD38
Cell Type
Endothelial cells, Granulocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets
Biology Area
Angiogenesis, Cell Adhesion, Cell Biology, Immunology, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience
Molecular Family
Adhesion Molecules, CD Molecules
Antigen References
  1. DeLisser H, et al. 1994. Immunol. Today 15:490.
  2. Newman P, 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:3.
  3. Fawcett J, et al. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 128:1229.
Gene ID
5175 View all products for this Gene ID
UniProt
View information about CD31 on UniProt.org

Related FAQs

What type of PE do you use in your conjugates?
We use R-PE in our conjugates.
If an antibody clone has been previously successfully used in IBEX in one fluorescent format, will other antibody formats work as well?

It’s likely that other fluorophore conjugates to the same antibody clone will also be compatible with IBEX using the same sample fixation procedure. Ultimately a directly conjugated antibody’s utility in fluorescent imaging and IBEX may be specific to the sample and microscope being used in the experiment. Some antibody clone conjugates may perform better than others due to performance differences in non-specific binding, fluorophore brightness, and other biochemical properties unique to that conjugate.

Will antibodies my lab is already using for fluorescent or chromogenic IHC work in IBEX?

Fundamentally, IBEX as a technique that works much in the same way as single antibody panels or single marker IF/IHC. If you’re already successfully using an antibody clone on a sample of interest, it is likely that clone will have utility in IBEX. It is expected some optimization and testing of different antibody fluorophore conjugates will be required to find a suitable format; however, legacy microscopy techniques like chromogenic IHC on fixed or frozen tissue is an excellent place to start looking for useful antibodies.

Are other fluorophores compatible with IBEX?

Over 18 fluorescent formats have been screened for use in IBEX, however, it is likely that other fluorophores are able to be rapidly bleached in IBEX. If a fluorophore format is already suitable for your imaging platform it can be tested for compatibility in IBEX.

The same antibody works in one tissue type but not another. What is happening?

Differences in tissue properties may impact both the ability of an antibody to bind its target specifically and impact the ability of a specific fluorophore conjugate to overcome the background fluorescent signal in a given tissue. Secondary stains, as well as testing multiple fluorescent conjugates of the same clone, may help to troubleshoot challenging targets or tissues. Using a reference control tissue may also give confidence in the specificity of your staining.

How can I be sure the staining I’m seeing in my tissue is real?

In general, best practices for validating an antibody in traditional chromogenic or fluorescent IHC are applicable to IBEX. Please reference the Nature Methods review on antibody based multiplexed imaging for resources on validating antibodies for IBEX.

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Go To Top Version: 2    Revision Date: 04.26.2022

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

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This data display is provided for general comparisons between formats.
Your actual data may vary due to variations in samples, target cells, instruments and their settings, staining conditions, and other factors.
If you need assistance with selecting the best format contact our expert technical support team.

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