- Clone
- WM59 (See other available formats)
- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Workshop
- V P025
- Other Names
- PECAM-1, EndoCAM
- Isotype
- Mouse IgG1, κ
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
- publications
![1_WM59_A700_CD31_Antibody_FC_101915 1_WM59_A700_CD31_Antibody_FC_101915](https://d1spbj2x7qk4bg.cloudfront.net/Admin/Public/GetImage.ashx?Image=/Files/Images/media_assets/products/product_images/WM59_A700_CD31_Antibody_FC_101915.jpg&Width=240&Height=300&altFmImage_path=&Compression=90&Crop=5)
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Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (clone WM59) Alexa Fluor® 700 (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ Alexa Fluor® 700 isotype control (open histogram). -
Confocal image of human lymph node sample acquired using the IBEX method of highly multiplexed antibody-based imaging: CD31 (magenta) in Cycle 2, CD138 (blue) in Cycle 2, and IRF4 (green) in Cycle 6. Tissues were prepared using ~1% (vol/vol) formaldehyde and a detergent. Following fixation, samples are immersed in 30% (wt/vol) sucrose for cryoprotection. Images are courtesy of Drs. Andrea J. Radtke and Ronald N. Germain of the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).
Cat # | Size | Price | Save |
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303133 | 25 tests | ¥29,920 | |
303134 | 100 tests | ¥63,360 |
CD31 is a 130-140 kD type I transmembrane glycoprotein also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or Endocam. It is expressed on monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells and lymphocyte subsets. CD31 has been reported to bind CD38 and be involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and cellular migration in an inflammatory situation.
Product DetailsProduct Details
- Verified Reactivity
- Human, Cynomolgus, Rhesus
- Reported Reactivity
- African Green, Baboon
- Antibody Type
- Monoclonal
- Host Species
- Mouse
- Formulation
- Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide and BSA (origin USA)
- Preparation
- The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 700 under optimal conditions.
- Concentration
- Lot-specific (to obtain lot-specific concentration and expiration, please enter the lot number in our Certificate of Analysis online tool.)
- Storage & Handling
- The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
- Application
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FC - Quality tested
SB - Reported in the literature, not verified in house - Recommended Usage
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Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is 5 µl per million cells in 100 µl staining volume or 5 µl per 100 µl of whole blood.
* Alexa Fluor® 700 has a maximum emission of 719 nm when it is excited at 633 nm / 635 nm. Prior to using Alexa Fluor® 700 conjugate for flow cytometric analysis, please verify your flow cytometer's capability of exciting and detecting the fluorochrome.
Alexa Fluor® and Pacific Blue™ are trademarks of Life Technologies Corporation.
View full statement regarding label licenses - Excitation Laser
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Red Laser (633 nm)
- Application Notes
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Clone WM59 has been reported to recognize the D2 extracellular portion of CD31.
Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunofluorescence microscopy2, immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections8, blocking of platelet aggregation3, and spatial biology (IBEX)11,12. Clone WM59 is not recommended for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The Ultra-LEAF™ purified antibody (Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/µg, Azide-Free, 0.2 µm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 303143 & 303144).
The purified WM59 antibody is useful as a capture antibody for a sandwich ELISA assay, when used in conjunction with biotin anti-human CD31 antibody (Cat. No. 536604) antibody as the detection antibody. - Additional Product Notes
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Iterative Bleaching Extended multi-pleXity (IBEX) is a fluorescent imaging technique capable of highly-multiplexed spatial analysis. The method relies on cyclical bleaching of panels of fluorescent antibodies in order to image and analyze many markers over multiple cycles of staining, imaging, and, bleaching. It is a community-developed open-access method developed by the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).
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Application References
(PubMed link indicates BioLegend citation) -
- Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V Oxford University Press. New York.
- Muczynski KA, et al. 2003. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14:1336. (IF)
- Wu XW, et al. 1997. Arterioscl. Throm. Vas. 17:3154. (Block)
- Nagano M, et al. 2007. Blood 110:151. (FC) PubMed
- MacFadyen JR, et al. 2005. FEBS Lett. 579:2569. PubMed
- Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
- Sestak K, et al. 2007. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 119:21.
- Wicki A, et al. 2012. Clin. Cancer Res. 18:454. (FC, IHC) PubMed
- Oeztuerk-Winder F, et al. 2012. EMBO J. 31:3431. (FC) PubMed
- Bushway ME, et al. 2014. Biol Reprod. 90(5): 110 (IF) PubMed
- Radtke AJ, et al. 2020. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 117:33455-33465. (SB) PubMed
- Radtke AJ, et al. 2022. Nat Protoc. 17:378-401. (SB) PubMed
- Product Citations
-
- RRID
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AB_2566326 (BioLegend Cat. No. 303133)
AB_2566327 (BioLegend Cat. No. 303134)
Antigen Details
- Structure
- Ig superfamily, type I transmembrane glycoprotein, 130-140 kD
- Distribution
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Monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells, lymphocyte subset
- Function
- Cell adhesion, signal transduction
- Ligand/Receptor
- CD38
- Cell Type
- Endothelial cells, Granulocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets
- Biology Area
- Angiogenesis, Cell Adhesion, Cell Biology, Immunology, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience
- Molecular Family
- Adhesion Molecules, CD Molecules
- Antigen References
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- DeLisser H, et al. 1994. Immunol. Today 15:490.
- Newman P, 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:3.
- Fawcett J, et al. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 128:1229.
- Gene ID
- 5175 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about CD31 on UniProt.org
Related FAQs
- If an antibody clone has been previously successfully used in IBEX in one fluorescent format, will other antibody formats work as well?
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It’s likely that other fluorophore conjugates to the same antibody clone will also be compatible with IBEX using the same sample fixation procedure. Ultimately a directly conjugated antibody’s utility in fluorescent imaging and IBEX may be specific to the sample and microscope being used in the experiment. Some antibody clone conjugates may perform better than others due to performance differences in non-specific binding, fluorophore brightness, and other biochemical properties unique to that conjugate.
- Will antibodies my lab is already using for fluorescent or chromogenic IHC work in IBEX?
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Fundamentally, IBEX as a technique that works much in the same way as single antibody panels or single marker IF/IHC. If you’re already successfully using an antibody clone on a sample of interest, it is likely that clone will have utility in IBEX. It is expected some optimization and testing of different antibody fluorophore conjugates will be required to find a suitable format; however, legacy microscopy techniques like chromogenic IHC on fixed or frozen tissue is an excellent place to start looking for useful antibodies.
- Are other fluorophores compatible with IBEX?
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Over 18 fluorescent formats have been screened for use in IBEX, however, it is likely that other fluorophores are able to be rapidly bleached in IBEX. If a fluorophore format is already suitable for your imaging platform it can be tested for compatibility in IBEX.
- The same antibody works in one tissue type but not another. What is happening?
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Differences in tissue properties may impact both the ability of an antibody to bind its target specifically and impact the ability of a specific fluorophore conjugate to overcome the background fluorescent signal in a given tissue. Secondary stains, as well as testing multiple fluorescent conjugates of the same clone, may help to troubleshoot challenging targets or tissues. Using a reference control tissue may also give confidence in the specificity of your staining.
- How can I be sure the staining I’m seeing in my tissue is real?
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In general, best practices for validating an antibody in traditional chromogenic or fluorescent IHC are applicable to IBEX. Please reference the Nature Methods review on antibody based multiplexed imaging for resources on validating antibodies for IBEX.
Other Formats
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Compare Data Across All Formats
This data display is provided for general comparisons between formats.
Your actual data may vary due to variations in samples, target cells, instruments and their settings, staining conditions, and other factors.
If you need assistance with selecting the best format contact our expert technical support team.
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FITC anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocyt... -
PE anti-human CD31
Human peripheral granulocytes were stained with CD31 (clone ... Confocal image of human spleen sample acquired using the IBE... Confocal image of human lymph node sample acquired using the... Confocal image of human jejunum sample acquired using the IB... -
Purified anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocyt... HUVEC cells were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and bl... -
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocyt... -
Pacific Blue™ anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood monocytes were stained with CD31 (clo... -
APC anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocyt... -
PE/Cyanine7 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocyt... -
APC/Cyanine7 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
Brilliant Violet 605™ anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with anti-h... -
Brilliant Violet 421™ anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
Purified anti-human CD31 (Maxpar® Ready)
Human PBMCs stained with 154Sm-anti-CD45 (HI30) and 145Nd-an... -
Alexa Fluor® 594 anti-human CD31
HUVEC human endothelial cells were fixed with 1% paraformald... -
PE/Dazzle™ 594 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
PerCP/Cyanine5.5 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
Alexa Fluor® 700 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... Confocal image of human lymph node sample acquired using the... -
Brilliant Violet 711™ anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
TotalSeq™-A0124 anti-human CD31
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TotalSeq™-C0124 anti-human CD31
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APC/Fire™ 750 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with CD31 (... -
Ultra-LEAF™ Purified anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocyt... -
TotalSeq™-B0124 anti-human CD31
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Brilliant Violet 785™ anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with anti-h... -
PE/Cyanine5 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with PE/Cya... -
TotalSeq™-D0124 anti-human CD31
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PE/Fire™ 700 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood granulocytes were stained with anti-h... -
Spark YG™ 581 anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
Brilliant Violet 510™ anti-human CD31
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were surface stained with... -
Spark Red™ 718 anti-human CD31 (Flexi-Fluor™)
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